Printing methods

September 2025

Comprehensive knowledge of the printing process is not required to submit work to a printer.

However, some knowledge will help ease communication and avoid mistakes or confusion in the process.

 

This is a simplified summary of the two most common processes, offset printing and digital printing.

A summary of the pros and cons of each method appears at the end of this article.

 

Offset printing or offset lithography

Most large print jobs use offset printing.

It is the most reliable printing method that guarantees quality and consistency of product.

Offset printing is not cheap and usually needs a large print order to be financially viable.

This printing technique has a longer pre-press preparation time as the printer must convert all the book’s files from the computer to the printing plates.

To achieve consistency, every page of the book being printed is made into its own plate. The plate is a thin sheet of metal that the page’s imagery and text is burnt onto through exposure to light.

 

The term “offset” refers to the process of the inked images being transferred from the plate to the rubber blanket and finally to the page surface.

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Digital printing

Digital printing is a common printing technique used for quick turnaround, cost-effective jobs, usually for small quantities.

Digital printing is usually less expensive than other printing techniques but is not usually as reliable for book production.

 

Potential inconsistency in colour from one print run to another can be a problem, making digital printing inappropriate for some book jobs. However, this method can work well for small-quantity jobs.

 

Digital printing involves the book files being transferred directly from the computer to the printer without the intensive pre-press stages.

There are many different types of digital printing methods.

The two main methods are inkjet printing and dry toner printing.

The printer interprets colour and image information by converting PPI (Pixels Per Inch) to DPI (Dots Per Inch) to place the colour dots that make up the image.

Inkjet printing uses an electrostatic charge to inject small dots of ink onto the surface of the paper to make up the image.

In toner-based techniques, fine powder is injected onto the surface of the paper and heated to set the ink.

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To summarise:

 

Offset printing

Pros:

Consistent colour reproduction

Greater choice of printing options

Price drops as the order increases

 

Cons:

Higher initial costs

Storage and shipping of large print order

 

 

Digital printing

Pros: 

Cheaper initial costs

Storage of smaller print runs

 

Cons:

Inconsistent colour quality

Each printing method has pros and cons.

Speaking to a printer or book designer about what printing method will work for your job can be a good place to start.

Credits

Written by Lillian Webb

Edited by Gina Cranson

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